War of words erupts over Sudan plan
Veterans Dallaire, MacKenzie clash over what role Canada should take
Mike Blanchfield
The Ottawa Citizen
Tuesday, May 24, 2005
Two of Canada's highest-profile retired generals have gone to war with an unfamiliar enemy -- each other -- over how best to stop the bloodshed in Sudan's Darfur region.
Their battle has been tinged by political mudslinging and bitter personal attacks. Lewis MacKenzie and Liberal Senator Romeo Dallaire are at each other's throats, figuratively speaking, over a plan by the Liberal government to send military advisers to the African Union force that is trying to protect innocent civilians in Darfur.
The two generals bring distinguished credentials to this fight. Each led high-profile United Nations missions in the 1990s to protect persecuted ethnic groups. Maj.-Gen. MacKenzie commanded UN forces during the siege of Sarajevo in 1992 at the height of the Balkan wars that would eventually rip apart Yugoslavia. Lt.-Gen. Dallaire commanded the ill-fated UN mission to Rwanda that was understaffed, ignored and unable to stop the 1994 genocide of 800,000 Tutsis by Hutus.
Maj.-Gen. MacKenzie and Lt.-Gen. Dallaire are now clashing over how Canada should respond to the two-year-old humanitarian disaster in Darfur, where an estimated 180,000 to 300,000 people have been killed and more than two million forced from their homes. Marauding Arab militias, known as the Janjaweed, have driven black African farmers from their homes, forcing most of the population into squalid refugee camps in a vast desert region the size of France.
Maj.-Gen. MacKenzie said he's not calling for Canada to send in an invasion force to take on the Janjaweed or anybody else that gets in the way. But he would like the government to take a lead role politically to get more NATO countries to commit soldiers.
"At least when you show up in Brussels, you would say: 'We've got a thousand, and we'll provide a headquarters, now where the hell are the rest of you?'" he said.
Canada recently agreed to contribute about 60 military advisers to provide help in intelligence, map-making and training to the UN-approved African Union security force. Lt.-Gen. Dallaire also joined Prime Minister Paul Martin's advisory team for Darfur, and has rejected calls by some -- notably independent MP David Kilgour -- to send hundreds of combat troops, arguing that would only lead to more bloodshed.
That caused Maj.-Gen. Mac-Kenzie to fire the first shot. Last week, he accused Lt.-Gen. Dallaire in a national newspaper column of being nothing more than a Liberal partisan for backing the plan. The column was also circulated by the influential Conference of Defence Associations, and was titled, Romeo, Romeo wherefore art thou partisan?
Maj.-Gen. MacKenzie also threw another punch -- one Lt.-Gen. Dallaire says was clearly below the belt -- when he wrote: "Following his experience in Rwanda I was not prepared to debate our differences in public lest it exacerbate his fragile state of mind. Now that he has eagerly accepted a partisan appointment as a Liberal senator, one can reasonably assume that he will be able to cope with deserved criticism."
Maj.-Gen. MacKenzie was referring to the very public battle Lt.-Gen. Dallaire has waged with post-traumatic stress in the years following his return from Rwanda, one that nearly drove him to suicide and transformed him into a campaigner for injured veterans of the modern era. Lt.-Gen. Dallaire recently helped fast-track the passage of a new Veterans Charter through the Senate and into law, giving modern-day veterans more access to health care, social services and employment options.
In an interview, Lt.-Gen. Dallaire fired back, calling Maj.-Gen. MacKenzie "condescending and paternalistic." He was particularly bitter about how Maj.-Gen. MacKenzie wove his years of battling psychological demons into his criticism.
"I'm a veteran. He's a veteran. I got injured. He didn't. He doesn't have to use that in his arguments," Lt.-Gen. Dallaire said. "I just think that bringing those dimensions into what should be a professional argument in terms of military capability is highly unprofessional and totally unnecessary."
Maj.-Gen. MacKenzie said he considers Lt.-Gen. Dallaire a friend, and has expressed his opinion with him privately in the past. "Once he was appointed a senator, the gloves were off," Maj.-Gen. MacKenzie said. "I was blown away when all of a sudden I saw him standing dutifully two paces behind the prime minister."
But Lt.-Gen. Dallaire said it is Maj.-Gen. MacKenzie who is being politically partisan because he once ran as a candidate for the Conservative party.
Lt.-Gen. Dallaire said he's adjusted his view because the situation in Darfur has changed, and like any good military tactician, he must alter his approach.
"I was arguing for the deployment of 44,000 troops to stop that genocidal action. But that's done. The killing and slaughtering and the burning of villages and moving of hundreds of thousands of people into displacement camps where the Janjaweed wanted them is done.
"Now what we've got to do is stabilize that situation," he said, so that the displaced are protected from further violence and international aid workers are also secure to help them.
Lt.-Gen. Dallaire , who will be part of a government delegation at a donors conference for Darfur on Thursday in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, said he backs the African Union's desire to have only African troops as part of its stabilization force. Lt.-Gen. Dallaire takes issue with the argument that essentially white, NATO-trained troops are needed in the African Union's mission.
"Anybody who says that the era of the white man going into Africa and sorting out their problems is what should still remain is someone who's totally disconnected from the reality of Africa."
© The Ottawa Citizen 2005